깨알 개념/Android

[Android] WorkManager - 작업 연쇄하기(Chaining)

interfacer_han 2024. 6. 17. 20:14

#1 이전 글

 

[Android] WorkManager - 기초

#1 이전 글 [Android] WorkManager - 개요#1 WorkManager는 '지연 가능한 백그라운드 작업'의 관리자 WorkManager를 사용한 백그라운드 작업 - Kotlin | Android DevelopersAndroid에는 보장된 백그라운드 작업을 위한 다

kenel.tistory.com

위 게시글의 완성된 앱을 일부 수정해서, 복수의 Worker가 순서를 지키며 실행되게 만들어본다.

 

#2 Work Chaining

서버에 이미지를 전송하는 경우를 예로 들면, 먼저 해당 이미지를 filtering하고, compress하고, upload해야 한다. 이 일련의 작업들은 List 자료구조처럼 순서가 존재하며, 이렇게 순서가 부여된 작업의 집합을 만드는 것을 Work Chaining(연쇄)이라고 부른다.

 

#3 코드 수정

#3-1 OtherWorker.kt 생성

...

class OtherWorker(context: Context, params: WorkerParameters) : Worker(context, params) {
    ...
}

UploadWorker.kt와 파일 이름 및 클래스 이름을 제외하고 모두 동일한 Worker 클래스를 만든다.

 

#3-2 AnotherWorker.kt 생성

...

class AnotherWorker(context: Context, params: WorkerParameters) : Worker(context, params) {
    ...
}

마찬가지로, UploadWorker.kt와 파일 이름 및 클래스 이름을 제외하고 모두 동일한 Worker 클래스를 만든다.

 

#3-3 MainActivity - setOneTimeWorkRequest()

...

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        ...
    }

    private fun setOneTimeWorkRequest() {
        // WorkRequest 객체 만들기
        val uploadRequest = OneTimeWorkRequest
            .Builder(UploadWorker::class.java)
            .build()

        val otherWorker = OneTimeWorkRequest
            .Builder(OtherWorker::class.java)
            .build()

        val anotherWorker = OneTimeWorkRequest
            .Builder(AnotherWorker::class.java)
            .build()

        // WorkManager 객체의 작업 큐(Job queue)에 WorkRequest 등록
        workManager
            .beginWith(otherWorker)
            .then(anotherWorker)
            .then(uploadRequest)
            .enqueue()

        // WorkInfo는 작업에 대한 정보를 담은 객체.
        // WorkManager.getWorkInfoByIdLiveData()는 LiveData<WorkInfo>를 반환.
        ...
    }

    private fun setPeriodicWorkRequest() {
        ...
    }
}

 

#3-4 MainActivity - setOneTimeWorkRequest()

...

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        ...
    }

    private fun setOneTimeWorkRequest() {
        ...
    }

    private fun setPeriodicWorkRequest() {
        // 'Worker 체인 개시'용 Worker 만들기
        val chainInitiationWorker = PeriodicWorkRequest
            .Builder(ChainInitiationWorker::class.java, 15, TimeUnit.MINUTES) // 안드로이드에서 허용하는 PeriodicWorkRequest의 최소 주기는 15분이다.
            .build()

        // WorkManager 객체의 작업 큐(Job queue)에 WorkRequest 등록
        workManager.enqueue(chainInitiationWorker)

        // WorkInfo는 작업에 대한 정보를 담은 객체.
        // WorkManager.getWorkInfoByIdLiveData()는 LiveData<WorkInfo>를 반환.
        ...
    }
}

PeriodicWorkRequest에서는 Work Chaining을 할 수 없다. Work Chaining 때문에 실행 주기의 타이밍이 어긋나고, 이전 작업이 완료될 때까지 대기하느라 그 다음 주기가 돌아와버리고 결국 작업의 중복 실행이 야기될 수 있기 때문에 직접적인 구현이 막혀있다. 하지만, 이를 우회할 수 있다. 바로 Worker 클래스 하나를 PeriodicWorkRequest에 넣고, 해당 Worker 클래스 내부에서 Work Chaining을 하는 것이다. 아래 코드를 보자.

 

#3-5 ChainInitiationWorker.kt

...

class ChainInitiationWorker(context: Context, params: WorkerParameters) : Worker(context, params) {
    override fun doWork(): Result {
        try {
            val workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(applicationContext)

            // WorkRequest 객체 만들기
            val downloadRequest = OneTimeWorkRequest
                .Builder(DownloadWorker::class.java)
                .build()

            val otherWorker = OneTimeWorkRequest
                .Builder(OtherWorker::class.java)
                .build()

            val anotherWorker = OneTimeWorkRequest
                .Builder(AnotherWorker::class.java)
                .build()

            Log.i(...)

            workManager
                .beginWith(otherWorker)
                .then(anotherWorker)
                .then(downloadRequest)
                .enqueue()

            Log.i(...)
            return Result.success()

        } catch (e: Exception) {
            return Result.failure()
        }
    }

    private fun getNowTime(): String {
        ...
    }
}

UploadWorker.kt의 코드를 기반으로 하고, 거기에 WorkRequest 객체 생성 및 WorkManager의 작업 큐에 등록하는 코드를 추가했다.

 

#4 작동 확인

#4-1 'One Time Request' 버튼을 클릭했을 때의 로그 메시지

더보기 
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(OtherWorker) Finished at 2024/06/17 10:09:03
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(AnotherWorker) Finished at 2024/06/17 10:09:03
(MainActivity) UploadWorker's state: ENQUEUED
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(UploadWorker) Finished at 2024/06/17 10:09:03
(MainActivity) UploadWorker's state: SUCCEEDED

UploadWorker의 상태가 BLOCKED인 것을 확인할 수 있다. BLOCKED는 B 작업의 선행 작업 A가 완료되지 않아서 순서 상 A에게 종속된(= 뒤에 있는) B의 실행이 유예된 상태를 의미한다 (이 게시글의 #3 참조).

 

#4-2 'Periodic Request' 버튼을 클릭했을 때의 로그 메시지

더보기 
(MainActivity) ChainInitiationWorker's state: ENQUEUED
(ChainInitiationWorker) Started at 2024/06/17 10:11:41
(ChainInitiationWorker) Finished at 2024/06/17 10:11:41
(MainActivity) ChainInitiationWorker's state: RUNNING
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(DownloadWorker) Finished at 2024/06/17 10:11:42

이하 생략

ChainInitiationWorker가 RUNNING 상태 후 굉장히 빨리 ENQUEUED로 전환되었는데, 이는 ChainInitiationWorker의 스레드와 다른 별도의 스레드에서 ChainInitiationWorker 내부의 WorkRequest가 진행되었기 때문으로 보인다.

 

#5 요약

Worker를 Chain화함으로써, 더 가독성 좋고 유연한 프로젝트 구조를 달성할 수 있다.

 

#6 완성된 앱

 

android-practice/work-manager/ChainingWorkers at master · Kanmanemone/android-practice

Contribute to Kanmanemone/android-practice development by creating an account on GitHub.

github.com

 

#7 이어지는 글

 

[Android] WorkManager - 병렬 Chaining

#1 이전 글 [Android] WorkManager - 작업 연쇄하기(Chaining)#1 이전 글 [Android] WorkManager - 기초#1 이전 글 [Android] WorkManager - 개요#1 WorkManager는 '지연 가능한 백그라운드 작업'의 관리자 WorkManager를 사용한

kenel.tistory.com

본 게시글이 Worker를 '직렬'로 연결한 것이라면, 이어지는 글에서는 Worker를 '병렬'로도 연결해본다.

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